It is the dominant form of Islam in only one Muslim country, Oman. One of the earliest schools, it was founded less than 50 years after the death of Muhammad.
The school derives its name from Abdullah ibn-Ibaḍ at-Tamīmī. However, followers of this sect claim its true founder was Jabir ibn Zaid al-’Azdi from Nizwa, Oman.
Ibaḍiyyah rejects the practice of qunūt or supplications while standing in prayer. Sunni Muslims traditionally regard the Ibaḍiyyah as a Kharijite group; Ibaḍīs reject this designation. Ibāḍīs regard other Muslims not as kuffar “unbelievers”
Ibadis also have several doctrinal differences with orthodox Sunni Islam
1) Muslims will not see Allah on the Day of Judgement.
2) Whomsoever enters the Hellfire, will live therein forever. This is contrary to the Sunni belief that those Muslims who enter the Hellfire will live therein for a fixed amount of time, to purify them of their shortcomings, after which they will enter Paradise. Sunnis also believe that unbelievers will remain in Hell forever.
3) The Qur’an is Created. The Sunni community holds vigorously that the Qur’an is uncreated. Much of the Shi’a community also holds that the Qur’an is created.
3 – Their most important beliefs:
The attributes of Allaah are not additional to His Essence, they are His Essence.
· In their view the one who commits a major sin is a kaafir in the sense of being ungrateful to Allaah or being a hypocrite.
In their view people fall into three categories:
People who have affirmed belief in Tawheed and Islam, but who do not adhere to its practices and acts of worship, so they are not mushriks because they have affirmed belief in Tawheed, but they are not believers either because they do not adhere to the requirements of faith. So they are included with the Muslims in rulings having to do with this world, because of their affirmation of Tawheed, and they are included with the mushriks in rulings having to do with the Hereafter because they were not sincere in their faith and they went against the requirements of Tawheed.
They believe that those of the people of the qiblah who differ from them are kaafirs but not mushriks; it is permissible to marry them and inherit from them. Their weapons, horses and anything that may be used for war is permissible as war booty and everything else is haraam.
The one who commits a major sin is a kaafir and when he is committing sin and persisting in it, he cannot be admitted to Paradise if he has not repented, for Allaah does not forgive major sins unless those who commit them repent before deat.
They call the one who commits a major sin a kaafir, claiming that this is kufr in the sense of ingratitude to Allaah or in the sense of hypocrisy, not in the sense that he is a kaafir who is beyond the pale of Islam. Ahl al-Sunnah on the other hand call such a person disobedient or a sinner. Whoever dies in such a state – according to Ahl al-Sunnah – is subject to the will of Allah: if He wills, He will forgive him by His grace, and if He wills, He will punish him by His justice until he is cleansed of his sin, then he will be moved to Paradise. But the Ibaadis say that the sinner will abide in Hell forever, so in this regard they agree with the rest of the Khaarijis and Mu’talizah who say that the sinners will abide in Hell forever.
· They deny that there will be any intercession for the sinners who are believers in Tawheed, because sinners – in their view – will abide in Hell forever, so there can be no intercession for them to be brought forth from Hell.
They pray with their arms at their sides, and do not raise them at all, even for the opening takbir.
No ameen after al-Fatihah.
During silent prayers (Dhuhr, Asr, and the ones during Maghrib and Isha), they only recite al-Fatihah.
-They say “hayya ala khairil amal” during adhan and don’t say, “As-salat khairun minan naum,” during the fajr adhan.
The Ibadis reject stoning to death for married zanis and advocate 100 lashes (per 24:2) for married and unmarried adulterers.The scholar states that Ibadhis are often confused with the Khawarij, who did not advocate stoning, however, he claims Ibadhis are different.
Ibaḍi Muslims are also found in East Africa (especially Zanzibar), Libya (in Jabal Nafusa), Algeria (in the Mzab) and Djerba Island in Tunisia. The early medieval Rustamid dynasty in Algeria was Ibāḍī, and refugees from its capital Tahert founded the North African Ibaḍī communities which exist today.
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